North American Porcupine

The North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) is a large, slow-moving rodent known for its defensive coat of sharp quills. In Banff National Park, they are common in subalpine forests and are often seen near trails or in trees.

Identification

Large (up to 20 lb / 9 kg), with dark brown or black fur and thousands of needle-like quills on its back, sides, and tail. Quills are modified hairs tipped with microscopic barbs. Porcupines do not “throw” their quills; they detach easily on contact with a predator.

Habitat and Diet

Porcupines are excellent climbers and spend much of their time in trees. They are herbivores, feeding on bark, twigs, needles, and leaves. In winter, they often feed on the inner bark of conifers. They are attracted to salt and may chew on wooden tool handles or vehicle tires that have accumulated road salt.

Viewing

Look for porcupines in trees or near rocky outcrops. They are mostly nocturnal but can be active during the day. Maintain a respectful distance; while they are not aggressive, their quills can cause serious injury to dogs or curious humans.