Columbian Ground Squirrel

The Columbian ground squirrel (Urocitellus columbianus) is a medium-sized ground squirrel; often called a “gopher” by visitors; ubiquitous in Banff National Park meadows, trailheads, and picnic areas. Their burrows and colonies are a familiar sight to hikers and campers.

Identification

Mottled gray-brown fur; bushy tail; rounded ears; white patches around eyes. Larger than golden-mantled ground squirrels; smaller than hoary marmots. Often stand upright at burrow entrances to scan for predators.

Habitat and diet

Columbian ground squirrels favour open meadows, grasslands, and forest edges; valley floors to subalpine. Feed on grasses, forbs, seeds, and insects. Dig extensive burrow systems; hibernate 7–8 months (late summer to early spring).

Behaviour

Colonial; vocal alarm calls warn others of predators. Active during the day; retreat to burrows when startled. Often seen begging at picnic areas; do not feed.

Viewing

Common at Lake Louise, Moraine Lake, Johnston Canyon, and most trailheads. Maintain distance; never feed. Human food harms their health and habituates them to people; leading to aggression and dependency.