Willow

Willows (genus Salix) include several shrub and tree species in Banff National Park; common in riparian zones, wetlands, and avalanche paths. Key species include Scouler’s willow (S. scouleriana), Bebb’s willow (S. bebbiana), and diamond willow (S. planifolia).

Identification: Deciduous shrubs or small trees; alternate, simple leaves (often elongated); male and female catkins on separate plants in spring; flexible, often reddish twigs. Species vary by elevation and site; riparian willows are often tall; alpine willows are prostrate.

Habitat: Riparian zones, wetlands, lake margins, avalanche paths, and moist subalpine meadows. From montane (1,350 m) to alpine. Willows define “elk habitat”; winter browse for elk and moose; summer food for beavers and browsers.

Ecology: Critical for riparian function; stabilises banks, provides shade, supports insects. Moose depend heavily on willow in winter. Do not disturb riparian willows; they are sensitive to trampling.