Moose

The moose (Alces alces) is the largest member of the deer family in North America. In Banff National Park, moose favour wetlands, riparian corridors, and willow thickets; habitat that limits their distribution but makes them iconic where they occur.

Identification: Dark brown to black; long legs; distinctive drooping snout (“bell” under chin); palmate (flat, shovel-shaped) antlers on bulls. Cows lack antlers. Much larger than elk or deer; adult bulls can exceed 1,800 lb (800 kg). Calves born May–June.

Habitat and diet: Moose require wetlands, lakeshores, and willow-dominated riparian zones. Browse on willow, aspen, aquatic plants, and forbs. In winter, concentrate in lower elevations with accessible forage.

Behaviour: Generally solitary; cows with calves may be aggressive. Bulls in rut (September–October) can be unpredictable. Moose are strong swimmers and often wade in lakes and ponds.

Viewing: Prime locations include Vermilion Lakes, the Bow Valley near Banff, Johnston Canyon, and the Icefields Parkway. Dawn and dusk are best. Maintain at least 30 m distance; moose charge more often than bears in the park. Never approach cows with calves.