Gray Wolf

The gray wolf (Canis lupus) is an apex predator and a symbol of wilderness in the Canadian Rockies. In Banff National Park, wolves inhabit the Bow Valley and surrounding mountains; preying primarily on elk and deer; but sightings are uncommon due to low density and secretive behaviour.

Identification: Large canid; gray to black coat (some individuals nearly white); long legs; broad skull. Much larger than coyotes (wolf: 80–120 lb; coyote: 25–40 lb). Wolves have broader snout, shorter ears, and larger paws; tracks show four toes with claw marks.

Population and ecology: The Central Rockies wolf population fluctuates; packs range widely across Banff and Jasper. Wolves are social; pack size typically 4–8. Primary prey: elk and deer; also moose calves, beaver. Scavenge carrion.

Behaviour: Wolves avoid humans; most encounters are brief glimpses or tracks. Howling is a territorial and social call; often heard at dawn and dusk in remote areas.

Viewing: Wolf sightings are rare and unpredictable. Prime areas include the Bow Valley Parkway (early morning), remote backcountry, and areas with recent elk or deer activity. Maintain 100 m distance; never approach or feed.